Well water in Jefferson County, Missouri
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Testing recommended
private wells tested between 2010 and 2023 in Jefferson County had lead above the EPA limit (15 ug/L), according to Missouri DHSS.
326 private wells tested 2010 to 2023 in state summaries; 874 test results across 13 contaminants from at least 165 wells, 1932 to 2016; chloride has the most at 166. Data refreshed September 15, 2026.
Compiled by Nick at Well Water Nerd from public records. How these pages are built
Missouri does not require private well testing, so these are samples homeowners chose to send to the state lab, often after a problem; shares above the limit run higher than a random survey would find.
An estimated 48,144 people in Jefferson County get their drinking water from a private well, per USGS 2015 county water use. That is about 21% of residents.
Separately, the USGS national arsenic model estimates that <1% of the 48,144 people on private wells in Jefferson County draw water above 10 ug/L, from geology and well depth rather than local tests.
What homeowner tests found
Missouri DHSS private well sampling summaries: private wells tested and reported to the state, 2010 to 2023. Shares are against the level the state applies to each contaminant, named in the last column; several are stricter than EPA.
What individual samples found
Each row summarizes every public sample for that contaminant inside Jefferson County. Above limit means above the EPA maximum contaminant level; where EPA has no enforceable limit, the row shows a health guideline or nuisance level instead.
| Contaminant | Above limit | Samples | Detected | Median | Highest | Limit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nitrate 1938 to 2016 | 155 | 94% | 0.09 | 25 | 10 mg/L EPA limit | |
| Fluoride 1932 to 2016 | 149 | 100% | 0.1 | 8.8 | 4 mg/L EPA limit | |
| Chloride 1932 to 2016 | no limit | 166 | 100% | 5.5 | 5,050 | 250 mg/L nuisance level |
| Iron 1932 to 2016 | no limit | 157 | 99% | 150 | 34,000 | 300 ug/L nuisance level |
| Sodium 1932 to 2016 | no limit | 120 | 100% | 6.75 | 997 | 20 mg/L health guideline |
| Manganese 1932 to 2016 | no limit | 113 | 99% | 0 | 1,400 | 300 ug/L health guideline |
Sampled fewer than 10 times, too few to summarize: Lead (3), Arsenic (2), Uranium (2), Radium (226 + 228) (2), Copper (2), E. coli (1), Radon (2).
Closer than the county
See the sampled wells near your address
The same records, drawn around one point: which wells within a few miles were sampled and what they found, how deep the wells next to you were drilled, and any leaking tank or cleanup site within a mile.
Check my addressWhat this means
Among homeowners in Jefferson County who sent a sample to the state lab, the health-based limits most often exceeded were lead (6% of 326 wells), fluoride (<1% of 192 wells), and uranium (<1% of 212 wells). These are ordinary wells tested by their owners, so the shares are the best available picture of a typical well here, with one caveat: people test more often when they suspect a problem.
What to test for in Jefferson County
- 1Lead6% of 326 local wells tested were above the EPA limit.
- 2Nitrate4% of 155 local samples were above the limit.
- 3Fluoride<1% of 149 local samples were above the limit.
- 4Uranium<1% of 212 local wells tested were above the EPA limit.
- 5Coliform bacteriaRecommended for every private well, every year.
- 6RadonMedian local reading is 107 pCi/L.
- 7Iron8% of 184 local wells tested were above the EPA secondary standard.
- 8CopperDetected in 100% of local samples.
- 9Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)3 leaking underground storage tank sites on record locally.
- 10Metals panel30 hazardous waste sites on record locally.
Test your Jefferson County well for lead, nitrate and fluoride
Certified lab analysis of your own tap water, bottles and prepaid return shipping included. The Essential well panel covers arsenic, uranium, nitrate, lead, copper, manganese, iron, sodium and bacteria; radon and PFAS are add-ons.
Order the Tap Score well water test kit, from $209Already tested? Upload the report
Just want bacteria checked first? Tap Score coliform and E. coli test, $99. Coliform and E. coli are the tests every well needs every year.
Want a quick look before paying for a lab? Home well water test strips on Amazon check hardness, iron, pH and nitrate in minutes. They are a screen, not a result: arsenic, bacteria, uranium and PFAS need a certified lab.
Affiliate links: the merchant pays us a commission and the price is the same for you. It does not change what the data above says. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases.
Where to get a well tested in Missouri: certified labs, state programs and prices.
Already have results back? Get your lab report read against the Jefferson County numbers, $29. Every line explained, ranked by what matters, with the fix for each.
Wells in Jefferson County
7,166 domestic wells in Jefferson County are on record with the state since 1986. the typical well is 345 feet deep (one in ten goes past 540 feet).
In a typical Jefferson County well, the median yield is 30 gallons per minute, <1% of wells yield under 3 gallons per minute and usually need a storage tank.
Find your own well's report
The state keeps the driller's report for most wells drilled since 1984. It tells you how deep your well is, where bedrock starts, and how much water it makes, which decides what treatment can work.
- Open Missouri DNR WIMS and choose Water Well.
- The certification record lists total depth, casing length, static water level, yield and the driller.
Missouri has required certification of new private wells since 1987, so a well drilled before then usually has no record.
The rock under Jefferson County
Ozark Plateaus aquifer system
Carbonate-rock. Limestone and dolomite move water through cracks and solution channels, sometimes very fast. Bacteria and nitrate can travel from the surface to a well in days, so annual bacteria testing matters more here than most places; hardness is a given.
Classification from the USGS Principal Aquifers of the United States (national map, 2003 edition, GIS release 2015), read at the county centroid. A single well can sit in a different unit, especially near a boundary.
Official help in Missouri
Two places to start that are not selling anything: the state program that answers private well questions, and its list of labs certified to run drinking water tests. A certified lab is the difference between a result you can act on and a number.
- Private Drinking Water, Missouri DHSS
- Certified Laboratories, Missouri DNR
Contamination sources on record in Jefferson County
Missouri DNR records 3 leaking underground storage tank sites and 30 hazardous waste sites in Jefferson County, among 108 regulated sites in total. Groundwater does not follow property lines, so a well within a few hundred feet of one of these is worth testing for what that site could release.
- 3
- leaking underground storage tank sitesGasoline and heating oil that leaked from tanks move through groundwater as benzene, MTBE and other volatile organic compounds.
- 30
- hazardous waste sitesSolvents, degreasers and metals from industrial sites can travel far in fractured bedrock.
- 66
- registered underground storage tank sitesRegistered tanks are regulated and inspected; they matter most when they are old or near a shallow well.
- 6
- lined landfills and transfer facilities
- 3
- other solid waste facilities
Treatment that fits the local profile
Lead
Point-of-use reverse osmosis; Certified lead-removal carbon filter; Neutralizing filter to raise pH and stop leaching
Iron
Oxidizing filter whole-house; Water softener (low levels); Aeration plus filtration
Nitrate
Point-of-use reverse osmosis; Anion exchange; Distillation
Fluoride
Point-of-use reverse osmosis; Activated alumina; Distillation
Systems we would look at first
Some links below are affiliate links. If you buy through one, the merchant pays us a commission at no extra cost to you. It does not change which products we list or what the data says.
For lead
Under-sink reverse osmosis system
under-sink or countertop, about $300
Look for NSF/ANSI 58 certification listing the contaminant you need removed.
For lead
Acid neutralizing filter
whole-house, at the point of entry, about $1,200
Raises pH so plumbing stops leaching lead and copper.
For lead
Aquasana SmartFlow reverse osmosis
under-sink or countertop, about $225
Certified to NSF/ANSI 58 and 53 to reduce arsenic (96%, pentavalent), fluoride (90%), lead (99%), nitrate, nitrite and PFOA/PFOS at the kitchen tap, with a remineralizer.
For iron
Iron and manganese oxidizing filter
whole-house, at the point of entry, about $1,800
Air-injection or greensand media; fixes staining at the source.
Free, no obligation
Get on the list for a free in-home water test in Jefferson County
No water treatment company serves Jefferson County through Well Water Nerd yet. We are signing licensed companies on county by county: they test at your tap for free, walk you through the numbers, and quote treatment only if something needs fixing. Leave your details and you are first in line. Nothing is shared until a company joins for Jefferson County, and you get an email naming it first.
Common questions
How deep are wells in Jefferson County?
The typical domestic well in Jefferson County is 345 feet deep, based on 7,166 wells reported to the state since 1986. One in ten is deeper than 540 feet.
How often should I test a private well in Jefferson County?
Test for bacteria and nitrate every year. Test once for arsenic, uranium, radon, fluoride, manganese and PFAS, then again every three to five years or after any change in taste, color, or plumbing.
Counties near Jefferson County
Closest first. Groundwater does not stop at a line on a map, so the next county over is a fair second opinion.
Want the numbers themselves? Download the Missouri dataset as CSV, every county and town, with the sources named.
Sources
- USGS Water Quality Portal: 874 samples in Jefferson County. Data from the Water Quality Portal, a service of USGS, EPA and USDA; groundwater samples collected by USGS and cooperators. Retrieved September 3, 2026.
- Missouri DHSS private well sampling summaries: summaries for 7 contaminants in Jefferson County, up to 326 wells each. County summaries of private well samples analyzed by the Missouri State Public Health Laboratory, 2010 to 2023, published by the Missouri Department of Health and Senior Services. Counts are samples, not distinct wells. Shares are against the EPA maximum contaminant level, or the EPA secondary standard for chloride and iron. Counties with fewer than 20 samples are flagged unreliable by DHSS and are kept here with their counts so the threshold rule can judge them. Barium, sulfate and zinc layers exist but have no contaminant page yet. Retrieved September 15, 2026.
- USGS national arsenic model (Ayotte 2017): estimated share of 48,144 people on private wells in Jefferson County above 10 ug/L of arsenic, from geology, well depth and land use. County estimates of domestic well users with arsenic above 10 ug/L from the USGS national logistic regression model (Ayotte, Medalie and Qi, 2017), with private well population from the USGS 2015 county water-use compilation (Dieter and others, 2018). Retrieved September 15, 2026.
- Missouri DNR certified well records: 10,137 well records in Jefferson County, 7,166 domestic. Well certification records from the Missouri Department of Natural Resources Wellhead Information Management System (WIMS), published through MSDIS. Only aggregates are shown; owner names and addresses are never stored. Retrieved September 15, 2026.
- Missouri DNR regulated sites: 108 regulated sites located in Jefferson County. Permitted solid waste facilities, and leaking tank, underground tank and hazardous waste sites from the historical CARES potential contaminant site inventory, Missouri Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved September 15, 2026.
Non-detects count as samples and are treated as zero when computing medians. Exactly at the limit counts as not above it. A sample belongs to the town containing the well's reported coordinates.