Well Water Nerd

Well water in Randall County, Texas

In Randall County, 3% of 31 tested well samples exceeded the EPA limit for fluoride (4 mg/L), based on public data from Texas Water Development Board Groundwater Database and USGS Water Quality Portal.

31 individual samples from 20 wells, 1970 to 2024. Data refreshed September 9, 2026.

TWDB samples an ambient monitoring network of wells on a rotation, so these describe aquifers, not a survey of homeowners' tests.

What individual samples found

Each row summarizes every public sample for that contaminant inside Randall County. Above limit means above the EPA maximum contaminant level; where EPA has no enforceable limit, the row shows a health guideline or nuisance level instead.

ContaminantSamplesDetectedAbove limitMedianHighestLimit
Gross alpha
1989 to 2024
19100%11%6.263115 pCi/L
EPA limit
Arsenic
1991 to 2024
2391%4%4.71110 ug/L
EPA limit
Nitrate
1991 to 2024
23100%4%1.4712.410 mg/L
EPA limit
Fluoride
1970 to 2024
31100%3%2.964.94 mg/L
EPA limit
Radium (226 + 228)
1989 to 2016
2814%0%00.6845 pCi/L
EPA limit
Lead
1991 to 2024
234%0%00.27715 ug/L
EPA limit
Copper
1995 to 2024
2129%0%00.0051.3 mg/L
EPA limit
Uranium
2001 to 2024
16100%0%8.5716.930 ug/L
EPA limit
Chloride
1970 to 2024
31100%no limit11141250 mg/L
nuisance level
Sodium
1970 to 2024
31100%no limit3034720 mg/L
health guideline
Iron
1989 to 2024
248%no limit091.9300 ug/L
nuisance level
Manganese
1989 to 2024
2433%no limit05.2300 ug/L
health guideline

Sampled fewer than 10 times, too few to summarize: Radon (2).

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What this means

The contaminants most often above their limit here are gross alpha (11% of 19 samples), arsenic (4% of 23 samples), and nitrate (4% of 23 samples). A well next door can differ sharply from yours because bedrock fractures, well depth and plumbing all matter, so these rates describe the area, not your tap.

Chloride is widespread in local groundwater. It is mainly a staining and taste problem, but high manganese also carries a health advisory for infants.

What to test for in Randall County

  • Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)70 leaking underground storage tank sites on record locally.
  • Gross alpha11% of 19 local samples were above the limit.
  • Arsenic4% of 23 local samples were above the limit.
  • Nitrate4% of 23 local samples were above the limit.
  • Fluoride3% of 31 local samples were above the limit.
  • Coliform bacteriaRecommended for every private well, every year.
  • RadonMedian local reading is 575 pCi/L.
  • ChlorideDetected in 100% of local samples.

Contamination sources on record in Randall County

TCEQ records 70 leaking underground storage tank sites in Randall County, among 77 regulated sites in total. Groundwater does not follow property lines, so a well within a few hundred feet of one of these is worth testing for what that site could release.

70
leaking underground storage tank sitesGasoline and heating oil that leaked from tanks move through groundwater as benzene, MTBE and other volatile organic compounds.
7
lined landfills and transfer facilities

Treatment that fits the local profile

Gross alpha
Point-of-use reverse osmosis; Water softener (cation exchange) for radium; Anion exchange for uranium
Arsenic
Point-of-use reverse osmosis; Adsorptive media (iron-based) whole-house; Anion exchange
Nitrate
Point-of-use reverse osmosis; Anion exchange; Distillation
Fluoride
Point-of-use reverse osmosis; Activated alumina; Distillation
Chloride
Point-of-use reverse osmosis; Distillation

Get your Randall County water tested at home

A licensed local water treatment company tests your tap water in your home, walks you through the numbers, and quotes treatment only if something needs fixing. Free, about 30 minutes, no obligation. Tell us what you need and we match you with a company that serves Randall County.

What are you worried about?

The test is free and there is no obligation. Your details go only to the company named above, and we log the time and address of this request.

Common questions

Is there arsenic in well water in Randall County?

Arsenic was detected in 91% of 23 public well samples in Randall County, and 4% were above the EPA limit of 10 ug/L. Arsenic has no taste or smell; a lab test is the only way to know your level.

How high is radon in well water in Randall County?

The median radon level across 2 public samples in Randall County was 575 pCi/L, with a high of 810 pCi/L. New Hampshire recommends treatment above 2,000 pCi/L.

How often should I test a private well in Randall County?

Test for bacteria and nitrate every year. Test once for arsenic, uranium, radon, fluoride, manganese and PFAS, then again every three to five years or after any change in taste, color, or plumbing.

Sources

  • Texas Water Development Board Groundwater Database: 291 samples in Randall County. Water quality samples from the Texas Water Development Board Groundwater Database, collected by TWDB, groundwater conservation districts and cooperators. Retrieved September 9, 2026.
  • USGS Water Quality Portal: 5 samples in Randall County. Data from the Water Quality Portal, a service of USGS, EPA and USDA; groundwater samples collected by USGS and cooperators. Retrieved September 3, 2026.
  • TCEQ regulated sites: 77 regulated sites located in Randall County. Leaking petroleum storage tank sites, state Superfund sites and municipal solid waste landfills from the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality. Retrieved September 9, 2026.

Non-detects count as samples and are treated as zero when computing medians. Exactly at the limit counts as not above it. A sample belongs to the town containing the well's reported coordinates.