Well water in Carbon County, Pennsylvania

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Testing strongly recommended

private wells tested between 2007 and 2025 in Carbon County had total coliform above the EPA limit (0 MPN/100mL), according to the Penn State water testing lab.

181 private wells tested 2007 to 2025 in state summaries; 535 test results across 13 contaminants from at least 7 wells, 1969 to 2026; nitrate has the most at 56. Data refreshed September 16, 2026.

Compiled by Nick at Well Water Nerd from public records. How these pages are built

These are samples homeowners paid to send to the Penn State lab, often because of a suspected problem, so shares above the limit run higher than a random survey would find.

An estimated 27,611 people in Carbon County get their drinking water from a private well, per USGS 2015 county water use. That is about 43% of residents.

Separately, the USGS national arsenic model estimates that 2% of the 27,611 people on private wells in Carbon County draw water above 10 ug/L (the model's range is <1% to 3%), from geology and well depth rather than local tests.

What homeowner tests found

Penn State Agricultural Analytical Services Lab drinking water summaries: private wells tested and reported to the state, 2007 to 2025. Shares are against the level the state applies to each contaminant, named in the last column; several are stricter than EPA.

Contaminant	Above state level	Wells tested	Median	Highest	State level
Total coliform	29%	181		221	0 MPN/100mL
Manganese	22%	67	10	2,830	50 ug/L
Lead (first draw)	17%	48		108	15 ug/L
Iron	10%	67	100	13,600	300 ug/L
E. coli	4%	181		201	0 MPN/100mL
Arsenic	3%	29		12	10 ug/L
Copper	1%	74	0.07	2.51	1.3 mg/L
Nitrate + nitrite as N	0%	40	0.5	8.4	10 mg/L
Chloride	0%	13	8.5	21	250 mg/L
Sodium		5	3.87	13.2

What individual samples found

Each row summarizes every public sample for that contaminant inside Carbon County. Above limit means above the EPA maximum contaminant level; where EPA has no enforceable limit, the row shows a health guideline or nuisance level instead.

Contaminant	Above limit	Samples	Detected	Median	Highest	Limit
Arsenic 2000 to 2026	2%	53	6%	0	11.4	10 ug/L EPA limit
Nitrate 1969 to 2026	2%	56	98%	0.13	44.9	10 mg/L EPA limit
Fluoride 1969 to 2026	0%	55	20%	0	0.2	4 mg/L EPA limit
Lead 2000 to 2026	0%	53	26%	0	5.58	15 ug/L EPA limit
Copper 2000 to 2026	0%	53	96%	0.001	0.016	1.3 mg/L EPA limit
Uranium 2000 to 2025	0%	21	5%	0	0.244	30 ug/L EPA limit
Radium (226 + 228) 2000	0%	10	100%	0	0	5 pCi/L EPA limit
Sodium 1969 to 2026	no limit	56	100%	12.9	18.2	20 mg/L health guideline
Manganese 1969 to 2026	no limit	56	96%	12.4	130	300 ug/L health guideline
Chloride 1969 to 2026	no limit	55	100%	36	43	250 mg/L nuisance level
Iron 1969 to 2026	no limit	55	38%	0	420	300 ug/L nuisance level

Sampled fewer than 10 times, too few to summarize: E. coli (6), Radon (6).

Closer than the county

See the sampled wells near your address

The same records, drawn around one point: which wells within a few miles were sampled and what they found, how deep the wells next to you were drilled, and any leaking tank or cleanup site within a mile.

Check my address

What this means

Among homeowners in Carbon County who sent a sample to the state lab, the health-based limits most often exceeded were total coliform (29% of 181 wells), lead (17% of 48 wells), and E. coli (4% of 181 wells). These are ordinary wells tested by their owners, so the shares are the best available picture of a typical well here, with one caveat: people test more often when they suspect a problem.

Manganese and iron exceed the state's advisory level in a sizable share of wells; these are mostly a taste, staining or diet issue rather than a toxicity one.

What to test for in Carbon County

1
Total coliform
29% of 181 local wells tested were above the EPA limit.
2
Lead
17% of 48 local wells tested were above the EPA limit.
3
E. coli
4% of 181 local wells tested were above the EPA limit.
4
Arsenic
3% of 29 local wells tested were above the EPA limit.
5
Nitrate
2% of 56 local samples were above the limit.
6
Copper
1% of 74 local wells tested were above the EPA limit.
7
Radon
Median local reading is 2,645 pCi/L.
8
Manganese
22% of 67 local wells tested were above the EPA secondary standard.

Test your Carbon County well for total coliform, lead and E. coli

Certified lab analysis of your own tap water, bottles and prepaid return shipping included. The Essential well panel covers arsenic, uranium, nitrate, lead, copper, manganese, iron, sodium and bacteria; radon and PFAS are add-ons.

Order the Tap Score well water test kit, from $209 Already tested? Upload the report

Just want bacteria checked first? Tap Score coliform and E. coli test, $99. Coliform and E. coli are the tests every well needs every year.

Want a quick look before paying for a lab? Home well water test strips on Amazon check hardness, iron, pH and nitrate in minutes. They are a screen, not a result: arsenic, bacteria, uranium and PFAS need a certified lab.

Affiliate links: the merchant pays us a commission and the price is the same for you. It does not change what the data above says. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases.

Where to get a well tested in Pennsylvania: certified labs, state programs and prices.

Already have results back? Get your lab report read against the Carbon County numbers, $29. Every line explained, ranked by what matters, with the fix for each.

Wells in Carbon County

4,436 domestic wells in Carbon County are on record with the state. 100% are drilled into bedrock, and the typical well is 200 feet deep (one in ten goes past 420 feet).

In a typical Carbon County well, bedrock starts about 36 feet down, the median yield is 15 gallons per minute, 1% of wells yield under 3 gallons per minute and usually need a storage tank.

Bedrock wells are where arsenic, uranium and radon come from: the water sits in fractures in granite and metamorphic rock and picks up whatever the rock carries. That is why testing for those three matters more here than in a dug or gravel well.

Find your own well's report

The state keeps the driller's report for most wells drilled since 1984. It tells you how deep your well is, where bedrock starts, and how much water it makes, which decides what treatment can work.

Open PaGWIS (Pennsylvania Geological Survey) and choose Water Well.
The record lists depth, depth to bedrock, yield and use; drillers have reported new wells to the state since 1966.

Pennsylvania has no private well construction standard and does not require testing, so many older wells have no record at all.

The rock under Carbon County

Valley and Ridge aquifers

Sandstone and carbonate-rock. Layered sandstone and limestone means a well may draw from either. Hardness and iron are routine, and the limestone layers can carry bacteria and nitrate from the surface quickly, so test for both yearly.

Classification from the USGS Principal Aquifers of the United States (national map, 2003 edition, GIS release 2015), read at the county centroid. A single well can sit in a different unit, especially near a boundary.

Official help in Pennsylvania

Two places to start that are not selling anything: the state program that answers private well questions, and its list of labs certified to run drinking water tests. A certified lab is the difference between a result you can act on and a number.

Private Wells, PA DEP
Laboratory Accreditation Program, PA DEP

Treatment that fits the local profile

Total coliform

Inspect and repair the well cap and casing, then shock chlorinate and retest; UV disinfection whole-house; Chlorination system

Lead

Point-of-use reverse osmosis; Certified lead-removal carbon filter; Neutralizing filter to raise pH and stop leaching

Manganese

Oxidizing filter (greensand, birm) whole-house; Water softener (low levels); Point-of-use reverse osmosis

Iron

Oxidizing filter whole-house; Water softener (low levels); Aeration plus filtration

Arsenic

Point-of-use reverse osmosis; Adsorptive media (iron-based) whole-house; Anion exchange

Nitrate

Point-of-use reverse osmosis; Anion exchange; Distillation

Systems we would look at first

Some links below are affiliate links. If you buy through one, the merchant pays us a commission at no extra cost to you. It does not change which products we list or what the data says.

For total coliform

Aquasana Rhino Well Water with UV

whole-house, at the point of entry, about $2,871

Whole-house system built for wells: sediment pre-filter, KDF and carbon, and a UV lamp rated to kill 99.99% of bacteria and viruses. It does not remove arsenic, nitrate, uranium or radon.

For lead

Under-sink reverse osmosis system

under-sink or countertop, about $300

Look for NSF/ANSI 58 certification listing the contaminant you need removed.

For lead

Acid neutralizing filter

whole-house, at the point of entry, about $1,200

Raises pH so plumbing stops leaching lead and copper.

For lead

Aquasana SmartFlow reverse osmosis

under-sink or countertop, about $225

Certified to NSF/ANSI 58 and 53 to reduce arsenic (96%, pentavalent), fluoride (90%), lead (99%), nitrate, nitrite and PFOA/PFOS at the kitchen tap, with a remineralizer.

For manganese

Iron and manganese oxidizing filter

whole-house, at the point of entry, about $1,800

Air-injection or greensand media; fixes staining at the source.

For arsenic

Whole-house arsenic and uranium filter

whole-house, at the point of entry, about $2,500

Adsorptive iron-based media; sized to your well yield.

Free, no obligation

Get on the list for a free in-home water test in Carbon County

No water treatment company serves Carbon County through Well Water Nerd yet. We are signing licensed companies on county by county: they test at your tap for free, walk you through the numbers, and quote treatment only if something needs fixing. Leave your details and you are first in line. Nothing is shared until a company joins for Carbon County, and you get an email naming it first.

Common questions

How deep are wells in Carbon County?

The typical domestic well in Carbon County is 200 feet deep, based on 4,436 wells reported to the state. One in ten is deeper than 420 feet. 100% are drilled into bedrock.

Is there arsenic in well water in Carbon County?

Arsenic was detected in 6% of 53 public well samples in Carbon County, and 2% were above the EPA limit of 10 ug/L. Arsenic has no taste or smell; a lab test is the only way to know your level.

How often should I test a private well in Carbon County?

Test for bacteria and nitrate every year. Test once for arsenic, uranium, radon, fluoride, manganese and PFAS, then again every three to five years or after any change in taste, color, or plumbing.

Towns in Carbon County

Kidder township0% copper

22 towns have fewer than 30 public samples and are included in the Carbon County totals above rather than shown separately: Banks township, Beaver Meadows borough, Bowmanstown borough, East Penn township, East Side borough, Franklin township, Jim Thorpe borough, Lansford borough, Lausanne township, Lehighton borough, Lehigh township, Lower Towamensing township, Mahoning township, Nesquehoning borough, Packer township, Palmerton borough, Parryville borough, Penn Forest township, Summit Hill borough, Towamensing township, Weatherly borough, Weissport borough.

Counties near Carbon County

Closest first. Groundwater does not stop at a line on a map, so the next county over is a fair second opinion.

Want the numbers themselves? Download the Pennsylvania dataset as CSV, every county and town, with the sources named.

Sources

USGS Water Quality Portal: 535 samples in Carbon County. Data from the Water Quality Portal, a service of USGS, EPA and USDA; groundwater samples collected by USGS and cooperators. Retrieved September 3, 2026.
Penn State Agricultural Analytical Services Lab drinking water summaries: summaries for 10 contaminants in Carbon County, up to 181 wells each. County summaries of private water samples tested by the Penn State Agricultural Analytical Services Laboratory since 2007, published by the College of Agricultural Sciences. Counts are samples, not distinct wells. Shares are against the standard the lab prints: the EPA maximum contaminant level, or the secondary standard for iron, manganese and chloride. Lead is the first-draw result. Medians printed as 0.00 are stored as null because the lab rounds to two decimals. Retrieved September 16, 2026.
USGS national arsenic model (Ayotte 2017): estimated share of 27,611 people on private wells in Carbon County above 10 ug/L of arsenic, from geology, well depth and land use. County estimates of domestic well users with arsenic above 10 ug/L from the USGS national logistic regression model (Ayotte, Medalie and Qi, 2017), with private well population from the USGS 2015 county water-use compilation (Dieter and others, 2018). Retrieved September 15, 2026.
Pennsylvania Groundwater Information System (PaGWIS) wells: 5,221 well records in Carbon County, 4,436 domestic. Water well records from the Pennsylvania Groundwater Information System, Pennsylvania Geological Survey (DCNR). Only aggregates are shown; owner names and addresses are never stored. Retrieved September 16, 2026.

Non-detects count as samples and are treated as zero when computing medians. Exactly at the limit counts as not above it. A sample belongs to the town containing the well's reported coordinates.