Well water in New Hampshire
1in4
Testing strongly recommended
private wells tested between 2006 and 2020 in New Hampshire had arsenic above the New Hampshire guidance level (5 ug/L), according to NH DHHS.
The strongest signal is PFOA: 61% of 6,090 local samples were above the limit, too few samples to carry the headline but first on the test list below.
22,028 private wells tested 2006 to 2020 in state summaries; 41,455 test results across 17 contaminants from at least 3,389 wells, 1952 to 2026; PFOS has the most at 6,106. Data refreshed September 15, 2026.
Compiled by Nick at Well Water Nerd from public records. How these pages are built
NHDES samples private wells near known or suspected PFAS sources (industrial sites, airports, landfills, fire training areas), and wells with a detection are resampled over time. PFAS shares describe wells that were tested for a reason, not every well in the area. In that targeted sampling, 61% of 6,090 PFOA results in New Hampshire were above the EPA limit of 4 ng/L. In that targeted sampling, 11% of 6,106 PFOS results in New Hampshire were above the EPA limit of 4 ng/L.
An estimated 333,393 people in New Hampshire get their drinking water from a private well, per NH DHHS WISDOM, BRFSS 2020.
Separately, the USGS national arsenic model estimates that 12% of the 497,180 people on private wells in New Hampshire draw water above 10 ug/L (the model's range is 9% to 16%), from geology and well depth rather than local tests.
What homeowner tests found
NH DHHS WISDOM private well summaries: private wells tested and reported to the state, 2006 to 2020. Shares are against the level the state applies to each contaminant, named in the last column; several are stricter than EPA. County and state figures combine the town summaries, weighted by wells tested; medians are not combined.
| Contaminant | Above state level | Wells tested | Median | 95th pct | Highest | State level |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Radon | 5,561 | 670,000 | 2,000 pCi/L | |||
| Sodium | 17,415 | 2,186 | 20 mg/L | |||
| Arsenic | 18,685 | 1,040 | 5 ug/L | |||
| Iron | 17,420 | 87,800 | 300 ug/L | |||
| Lead (stagnant) | 13,549 | 31,200 | 15 ug/L | |||
| Copper (stagnant) | 13,478 | 315 | 1.3 mg/L | |||
| Manganese | 17,431 | 43,300 | 300 ug/L | |||
| Uranium | 17,564 | 4,600 | 30 ug/L | |||
| Chloride | 20,353 | 3,300 | 250 mg/L | |||
| Fluoride | 22,028 | 15 | 4 mg/L | |||
| Nitrate | 18,081 | 42 | 10 mg/L | |||
| Nitrite | 18,077 | 1.8 | 1 mg/L |
What individual samples found
Each row summarizes every public sample for that contaminant inside New Hampshire. Above limit means above the EPA maximum contaminant level; where EPA has no enforceable limit, the row shows a health guideline or nuisance level instead.
| Contaminant | Above limit | Samples | Detected | Median | Highest | Limit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PFOA 2018 to 2026 | 6,090 | 92% | 6 | 200 | 4 ng/L EPA limit | |
| Arsenic 1975 to 2022 | 1,098 | 56% | 0.4 | 300 | 10 ug/L EPA limit | |
| PFOS 2018 to 2026 | 6,106 | 73% | 1 | 71 | 4 ng/L EPA limit | |
| E. coli 2002 to 2019 | 46 | 4% | 0 | 3 | 0 MPN/100mL EPA limit | |
| Uranium 1981 to 2022 | 559 | 72% | 0.468 | 390 | 30 ug/L EPA limit | |
| Radium (226 + 228) 1986 to 2019 | 132 | 76% | 0 | 51.9 | 5 pCi/L EPA limit | |
| Fluoride 1954 to 2022 | 2,025 | 81% | 0.2 | 18.7 | 4 mg/L EPA limit | |
| Copper 1966 to 2022 | 672 | 58% | 0.001 | 7 | 1.3 mg/L EPA limit | |
| Lead 1966 to 2022 | 846 | 49% | 0 | 600 | 15 ug/L EPA limit | |
| Nitrate 1952 to 2022 | 2,488 | 51% | 0 | 37.2 | 10 mg/L EPA limit | |
| PFHxS 2018 to 2026 | 6,095 | 81% | 0.8 | 170 | 10 ng/L EPA limit | |
| PFNA 2018 to 2026 | 5,919 | 22% | 0 | 25 | 10 ng/L EPA limit | |
| Manganese 1954 to 2022 | no limit | 2,433 | 74% | 30 | 4,400 | 300 ug/L health guideline |
| Iron 1952 to 2022 | no limit | 2,371 | 77% | 100 | 100,000 | 300 ug/L nuisance level |
| Chloride 1952 to 2022 | no limit | 2,253 | 76% | 6 | 790 | 250 mg/L nuisance level |
| Sodium 1954 to 2022 | no limit | 2,025 | 94% | 9.73 | 570 | 20 mg/L health guideline |
| Radon 1986 to 2014 | no limit | 297 | 99% | 2,400 | 910,000 | 2,000 pCi/L health guideline |
Over time
Share of samples above the limit by period. A cell needs ten samples to show; a comparison needs twenty in each period. Later periods sample fewer wells, and often the ones already known to have a problem.
| Contaminant | before 2000 | 2000s | 2010s | 2020s |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PFOS | n/a | n/a | 13%15 samples | 11%6,091 samples |
| PFOA | n/a | n/a | 20%15 samples | 61%6,075 samples |
| Nitrate | <1%2,111 samples | <1%105 samples | 3%222 samples | 0%50 samples |
| Fluoride | 2%1,732 samples | 4%55 samples | 1%189 samples | 0%49 samples |
| Arsenic | 12%481 samples | 5%55 samples | 37%336 samples | 19%226 samples |
| Lead | 2%353 samples | 0%48 samples | 0%219 samples | <1%226 samples |
Arsenic above the limit in New Hampshire fell from 37% of 336 samples in the 2010s to 19% of 226 in the 2020s.
Nitrate, fluoride, lead have held within a few points between the two most recent periods with enough samples.
What this means
Among homeowners in New Hampshire who sent a sample to the state lab, the health-based limits most often exceeded were arsenic (25% of 18,685 wells), lead (14% of 13,549 wells), and copper (13% of 13,478 wells). These are ordinary wells tested by their owners, so the shares are the best available picture of a typical well here, with one caveat: people test more often when they suspect a problem.
Radon was above the New Hampshire guidance level of 2,000 pCi/L in 50% of 5,561 wells. Radon in water matters because it moves into indoor air during showers and laundry.
Sodium and iron exceed the state's advisory level in a sizable share of wells; these are mostly a taste, staining or diet issue rather than a toxicity one.
What to test for in New Hampshire
- 1PFOA61% of 6,090 local samples were above the limit.
- 2Arsenic25% of 18,685 local wells tested were above the New Hampshire guidance level.
- 3Lead14% of 13,549 local wells tested were above the New Hampshire guidance level.
- 4Copper13% of 13,478 local wells tested were above the New Hampshire guidance level.
- 5PFOS11% of 6,106 local samples were above the limit.
- 6Radon50% of 5,561 local wells tested were above the New Hampshire guidance level.
- 7E. coli4% of 46 local samples were above the limit.
- 8Uranium4% of 17,564 local wells tested were above the New Hampshire guidance level.
- 9Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)1,862 leaking underground storage tank sites on record locally.
- 10PFAS322 unlined landfills on record locally.
- 11Metals panel712 hazardous waste sites on record locally.
Test your New Hampshire well for PFOA, arsenic and lead
Certified lab analysis of your own tap water, bottles and prepaid return shipping included. The Essential well panel covers arsenic, uranium, nitrate, lead, copper, manganese, iron, sodium and bacteria; radon and PFAS are add-ons.
Order the Tap Score well water test kit, from $209Already tested? Upload the report
Just want bacteria checked first? Tap Score coliform and E. coli test, $99. Coliform and E. coli are the tests every well needs every year.
Want a quick look before paying for a lab? Home well water test strips on Amazon check hardness, iron, pH and nitrate in minutes. They are a screen, not a result: arsenic, bacteria, uranium and PFAS need a certified lab.
Affiliate links: the merchant pays us a commission and the price is the same for you. It does not change what the data above says. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases.
Where to get a well tested in New Hampshire: certified labs, state programs and prices.
Already have results back? Get your lab report read against the New Hampshire numbers, $29. Every line explained, ranked by what matters, with the fix for each.
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Send me the New Hampshire report
The numbers above, which tests to order and where, and the treatment that fits the local profile, in one email.
Wells in New Hampshire
98,873 domestic wells in New Hampshire are on record with the state since 1973. 97% are drilled into bedrock, and the typical well is 340 feet deep (one in ten goes past 620 feet).
In a typical New Hampshire well, bedrock starts about 19 feet down, the median yield is 8 gallons per minute, 18% of wells yield under 3 gallons per minute and usually need a storage tank.
Bedrock wells are where arsenic, uranium and radon come from: the water sits in fractures in granite and metamorphic rock and picks up whatever the rock carries. That is why testing for those three matters more here than in a dug or gravel well.
Find your own well's report
The state keeps the driller's report for most wells drilled since 1984. It tells you how deep your well is, where bedrock starts, and how much water it makes, which decides what treatment can work.
- Open NHDES OneStop and choose Water Well.
- Enter your town and one word of your street name. Leave out the house number and the Road or Street part; a short search matches more.
- In the results, click Show for your address to see the report: total depth, depth to bedrock, casing, yield in gallons per minute, static water level, and the driller.
- Save Results exports the whole list to a spreadsheet.
Reports exist only for wells drilled since January 1984, when reporting became mandatory, and street names are as they were when the well was drilled.
The rock under New Hampshire
Not a principal aquifer
The USGS map places this area outside any principal aquifer, which usually means wells here draw from fractured bedrock or thin local deposits rather than a large regional aquifer. Bedrock wells of that kind are where arsenic, radon and uranium turn up, and yields vary from well to well.
Classification from the USGS Principal Aquifers of the United States (national map, 2003 edition, GIS release 2015), read at the state centroid. A single well can sit in a different unit, especially near a boundary.
Official help in New Hampshire
Two places to start that are not selling anything: the state program that answers private well questions, and its list of labs certified to run drinking water tests. A certified lab is the difference between a result you can act on and a number.
Contamination sources on record in New Hampshire
NHDES records 1,862 leaking underground storage tank sites, 322 unlined landfills, 712 hazardous waste sites, and 1,164 reported spills and releases in New Hampshire, among 20,491 regulated sites in total. Groundwater does not follow property lines, so a well within a few hundred feet of one of these is worth testing for what that site could release.
- 1,862
- leaking underground storage tank sitesGasoline and heating oil that leaked from tanks move through groundwater as benzene, MTBE and other volatile organic compounds.
- 322
- unlined landfillsOlder unlined landfills are a leading source of PFAS, VOCs and metals in nearby wells.
- 712
- hazardous waste sitesSolvents, degreasers and metals from industrial sites can travel far in fractured bedrock.
- 1,164
- reported spills and releasesMost spills are fuel; a few are solvents or chemicals that reach the water table.
- 4,411
- registered underground storage tank sitesRegistered tanks are regulated and inspected; they matter most when they are old or near a shallow well.
- 2,196
- locally identified potential contamination sourcesTowns inventory these (vehicle repair, labs, salt piles, farms) when they draw wellhead protection maps.
- 17
- lined landfills and transfer facilities
- 9,434
- other remediation projects
- 373
- other solid waste facilities
Treatment that fits the local profile
Arsenic
Point-of-use reverse osmosis; Adsorptive media (iron-based) whole-house; Anion exchange
Lead
Point-of-use reverse osmosis; Certified lead-removal carbon filter; Neutralizing filter to raise pH and stop leaching
Copper
Neutralizing filter to raise pH; Point-of-use reverse osmosis
Radon
Aeration (bubble-up or diffused) whole-house; Granular activated carbon whole-house (lower levels only)
Sodium
Point-of-use reverse osmosis; Distillation
PFOA
Granular activated carbon whole-house; Point-of-use reverse osmosis; Anion exchange
Systems we would look at first
Some links below are affiliate links. If you buy through one, the merchant pays us a commission at no extra cost to you. It does not change which products we list or what the data says.
For arsenic
Under-sink reverse osmosis system
under-sink or countertop, about $300
Look for NSF/ANSI 58 certification listing the contaminant you need removed.
For arsenic
Whole-house arsenic and uranium filter
whole-house, at the point of entry, about $2,500
Adsorptive iron-based media; sized to your well yield.
For arsenic
Aquasana SmartFlow reverse osmosis
under-sink or countertop, about $225
Certified to NSF/ANSI 58 and 53 to reduce arsenic (96%, pentavalent), fluoride (90%), lead (99%), nitrate, nitrite and PFOA/PFOS at the kitchen tap, with a remineralizer.
For lead
Aquasana Claryum 3-Stage under-sink filter
under-sink or countertop, about $175
Certified to NSF/ANSI 53 to reduce 99% of lead and 99.7% of PFOA and PFOS at the tap. Not a fix for arsenic, nitrate or bacteria.
For lead
Acid neutralizing filter
whole-house, at the point of entry, about $1,200
Raises pH so plumbing stops leaching lead and copper.
For iron
Iron and manganese oxidizing filter
whole-house, at the point of entry, about $1,800
Air-injection or greensand media; fixes staining at the source.
Common questions
How deep are wells in New Hampshire?
The typical domestic well in New Hampshire is 340 feet deep, based on 98,873 wells reported to the state since 1973. One in ten is deeper than 620 feet. 97% are drilled into bedrock.
Is there arsenic in well water in New Hampshire?
Arsenic was detected in 56% of 1,098 public well samples in New Hampshire, and 21% were above the EPA limit of 10 ug/L. Arsenic has no taste or smell; a lab test is the only way to know your level.
How high is radon in well water in New Hampshire?
The median radon level across 297 public samples in New Hampshire was 2,400 pCi/L, with a high of 910,000 pCi/L. New Hampshire recommends treatment above 2,000 pCi/L.
How often should I test a private well in New Hampshire?
Test for bacteria and nitrate every year. Test once for arsenic, uranium, radon, fluoride, manganese and PFAS, then again every three to five years or after any change in taste, color, or plumbing.
Counties in New Hampshire
Want the numbers themselves? Download the New Hampshire dataset as CSV, every county and town, with the sources named.
Sources
- NHDES PFAS sampling: 24,188 samples in New Hampshire. PFAS results for private wells from the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services Environmental Monitoring Database. Retrieved September 3, 2026.
- USGS Water Quality Portal: 17,267 samples in New Hampshire. Data from the Water Quality Portal, a service of USGS, EPA and USDA; groundwater samples collected by USGS and cooperators. Retrieved September 3, 2026.
- NH DHHS WISDOM private well summaries: summaries for 12 contaminants in New Hampshire, up to 22,028 wells each. Town summaries of private well tests run by the New Hampshire Public Health Laboratories, published by NH DHHS through the WISDOM environmental public health tracking portal. Exceedance shares use New Hampshire guidance levels, which are stricter than EPA for arsenic (5 ug/L), manganese (0.3 mg/L), radon (2,000 pCi/L) and sodium (20 mg/L). Statistics for small counts are suppressed (*). Retrieved September 3, 2026.
- USGS national arsenic model (Ayotte 2017): estimated share of 497,180 people on private wells in New Hampshire above 10 ug/L of arsenic, from geology, well depth and land use. County estimates of domestic well users with arsenic above 10 ug/L from the USGS national logistic regression model (Ayotte, Medalie and Qi, 2017), with private well population from the USGS 2015 county water-use compilation (Dieter and others, 2018). Retrieved September 15, 2026.
- NHDES Water Well Inventory: 111,531 well records in New Hampshire, 98,873 domestic. Well construction records reported to the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services Water Well Board. Only aggregates are shown; owner names and addresses are never stored. Retrieved September 3, 2026.
- NHDES OneStop regulated sites: 20,491 regulated sites located in New Hampshire. Remediation sites, underground storage tanks, solid waste facilities and potential contamination sources from the New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services OneStop database. Retrieved September 3, 2026.
Non-detects count as samples and are treated as zero when computing medians. Exactly at the limit counts as not above it. A sample belongs to the town containing the well's reported coordinates.