Well water in Chowan County, North Carolina
1in10
Testing recommended
tested well samples in Chowan County exceeded the EPA limit for nitrate (10 mg/L), based on public data from USGS Water Quality Portal.
47 private wells tested 1998 to 2019 in state summaries; 468 test results across 6 contaminants from at least 255 wells, 1942 to 1995; iron has the most at 276. Data refreshed September 15, 2026.
Compiled by Nick at Well Water Nerd from public records. How these pages are built
An estimated 576 people in Chowan County get their drinking water from a private well, per USGS 2015 county water use. That is about 4% of residents.
Separately, the USGS national arsenic model estimates that 5% of the 576 people on private wells in Chowan County draw water above 10 ug/L (the model's range is 3% to 7%), from geology and well depth rather than local tests.
What homeowner tests found
NCWELL private well summaries: private wells tested and reported to the state, 1998 to 2019. Shares are against the level the state applies to each contaminant, named in the last column; several are stricter than EPA.
What individual samples found
Each row summarizes every public sample for that contaminant inside Chowan County. Above limit means above the EPA maximum contaminant level; where EPA has no enforceable limit, the row shows a health guideline or nuisance level instead.
| Contaminant | Above limit | Samples | Detected | Median | Highest | Limit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nitrate 1942 to 1995 | 52 | 96% | 0.125 | 56 | 10 mg/L EPA limit | |
| Fluoride 1942 to 1995 | 61 | 98% | 0.6 | 7 | 4 mg/L EPA limit | |
| Iron 1942 to 1995 | no limit | 276 | 100% | 745 | 30,000 | 300 ug/L nuisance level |
| Sodium 1945 to 1995 | no limit | 57 | 100% | 211 | 2,880 | 20 mg/L health guideline |
| Manganese 1945 to 1995 | no limit | 21 | 100% | 20 | 370 | 300 ug/L health guideline |
Sampled fewer than 10 times, too few to summarize: Chloride (1).
Closer than the county
See the sampled wells near your address
The same records, drawn around one point: which wells within a few miles were sampled and what they found, how deep the wells next to you were drilled, and any leaking tank or cleanup site within a mile.
Check my addressWhat this means
Among homeowners in Chowan County who sent a sample to the state lab, the health-based limits most often exceeded were nitrate (4% of 27 wells) and lead (2% of 47 wells). These are ordinary wells tested by their owners, so the shares are the best available picture of a typical well here, with one caveat: people test more often when they suspect a problem.
Manganese and iron exceed the state's advisory level in a sizable share of wells; these are mostly a taste, staining or diet issue rather than a toxicity one.
What to test for in Chowan County
- 1Nitrate10% of 52 local samples were above the limit.
- 2Lead2% of 47 local wells tested were above the North Carolina groundwater standard.
- 3Fluoride2% of 61 local samples were above the limit.
- 4Coliform bacteriaRecommended for every private well, every year.
- 5Manganese53% of 47 local wells tested were above the North Carolina groundwater standard.
- 6Iron50% of 44 local wells tested were above the North Carolina groundwater standard.
- 7ChlorideDetected in 100% of local samples.
- 8Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)57 leaking underground storage tank sites on record locally.
Test your Chowan County well for nitrate, lead and fluoride
Certified lab analysis of your own tap water, bottles and prepaid return shipping included. The Essential well panel covers arsenic, uranium, nitrate, lead, copper, manganese, iron, sodium and bacteria; radon and PFAS are add-ons.
Order the Tap Score well water test kit, from $209Already tested? Upload the report
Just want bacteria checked first? Tap Score coliform and E. coli test, $99. Coliform and E. coli are the tests every well needs every year.
Want a quick look before paying for a lab? Home well water test strips on Amazon check hardness, iron, pH and nitrate in minutes. They are a screen, not a result: arsenic, bacteria, uranium and PFAS need a certified lab.
Affiliate links: the merchant pays us a commission and the price is the same for you. It does not change what the data above says. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases.
Where to get a well tested in North Carolina: certified labs, state programs and prices.
Already have results back? Get your lab report read against the Chowan County numbers, $29. Every line explained, ranked by what matters, with the fix for each.
The rock under Chowan County
Northern Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system
Semiconsolidated sand. Coastal plain sands like these give steady yields at moderate depth. Salt water and sodium are the usual issues near the coast, and nitrate where the water table is shallow; arsenic and radon from bedrock are less common.
Classification from the USGS Principal Aquifers of the United States (national map, 2003 edition, GIS release 2015), read at the county centroid. A single well can sit in a different unit, especially near a boundary.
Official help in North Carolina
Two places to start that are not selling anything: the state program that answers private well questions, and its list of labs certified to run drinking water tests. A certified lab is the difference between a result you can act on and a number.
- Private Well Water Testing FAQs, NCDHHS
- NCSLPH - Lab Certification, NCDHHS
Contamination sources on record in Chowan County
NC DEQ records 57 leaking underground storage tank sites in Chowan County, among 57 regulated sites in total. Groundwater does not follow property lines, so a well within a few hundred feet of one of these is worth testing for what that site could release.
- 57
- leaking underground storage tank sitesGasoline and heating oil that leaked from tanks move through groundwater as benzene, MTBE and other volatile organic compounds.
Treatment that fits the local profile
Manganese
Oxidizing filter (greensand, birm) whole-house; Water softener (low levels); Point-of-use reverse osmosis
Iron
Oxidizing filter whole-house; Water softener (low levels); Aeration plus filtration
Nitrate
Point-of-use reverse osmosis; Anion exchange; Distillation
Fluoride
Point-of-use reverse osmosis; Activated alumina; Distillation
Systems we would look at first
Some links below are affiliate links. If you buy through one, the merchant pays us a commission at no extra cost to you. It does not change which products we list or what the data says.
For manganese
Iron and manganese oxidizing filter
whole-house, at the point of entry, about $1,800
Air-injection or greensand media; fixes staining at the source.
For nitrate
Under-sink reverse osmosis system
under-sink or countertop, about $300
Look for NSF/ANSI 58 certification listing the contaminant you need removed.
For nitrate
Aquasana SmartFlow reverse osmosis
under-sink or countertop, about $225
Certified to NSF/ANSI 58 and 53 to reduce arsenic (96%, pentavalent), fluoride (90%), lead (99%), nitrate, nitrite and PFOA/PFOS at the kitchen tap, with a remineralizer.
Free, no obligation
Get on the list for a free in-home water test in Chowan County
No water treatment company serves Chowan County through Well Water Nerd yet. We are signing licensed companies on county by county: they test at your tap for free, walk you through the numbers, and quote treatment only if something needs fixing. Leave your details and you are first in line. Nothing is shared until a company joins for Chowan County, and you get an email naming it first.
Common questions
How often should I test a private well in Chowan County?
Test for bacteria and nitrate every year. Test once for arsenic, uranium, radon, fluoride, manganese and PFAS, then again every three to five years or after any change in taste, color, or plumbing.
Counties near Chowan County
Closest first. Groundwater does not stop at a line on a map, so the next county over is a fair second opinion.
Want the numbers themselves? Download the North Carolina dataset as CSV, every county and town, with the sources named.
Sources
- USGS Water Quality Portal: 468 samples in Chowan County. Data from the Water Quality Portal, a service of USGS, EPA and USDA; groundwater samples collected by USGS and cooperators. Retrieved September 3, 2026.
- NCWELL private well summaries: summaries for 7 contaminants in Chowan County, up to 47 wells each. County summaries of private well tests run by the NC State Laboratory of Public Health, 1998 to 2019, compiled by the UNC Superfund Research Program (NCWELL database). Counts are tests, not distinct wells; since 2008 every new well is tested once, so most tests are unique wells. Shares are against the NC 2L groundwater standard where one exists (manganese 50 ug/L, lead 15, iron 300) and otherwise the EPA limit. Medians are not used because more than half of results sit at the reporting limit for most analytes. Retrieved September 9, 2026.
- USGS national arsenic model (Ayotte 2017): estimated share of 576 people on private wells in Chowan County above 10 ug/L of arsenic, from geology, well depth and land use. County estimates of domestic well users with arsenic above 10 ug/L from the USGS national logistic regression model (Ayotte, Medalie and Qi, 2017), with private well population from the USGS 2015 county water-use compilation (Dieter and others, 2018). Retrieved September 15, 2026.
- NC DEQ regulated sites: 57 regulated sites located in Chowan County. Underground storage tank incidents from the North Carolina Department of Environmental Quality UST Section. Retrieved September 9, 2026.
Non-detects count as samples and are treated as zero when computing medians. Exactly at the limit counts as not above it. A sample belongs to the town containing the well's reported coordinates.