Well water in Orange County, New York
In Orange County, <1% of 105 tested well samples exceeded the EPA limit for copper (1.3 mg/L), based on public data from USGS Water Quality Portal.
839 test results across 13 contaminants from at least 107 wells, 1952 to 2020; iron has the most at 210. Data refreshed September 15, 2026.
Compiled by Nick at Well Water Nerd from public records. How these pages are built
An estimated 100,236 people in Orange County get their drinking water from a private well, per USGS 2015 county water use. That is about 27% of residents.
Separately, the USGS national arsenic model estimates that 2% of the 100,236 people on private wells in Orange County draw water above 10 ug/L (the model's range is 1% to 2%), from geology and well depth rather than local tests.
What individual samples found
Each row summarizes every public sample for that contaminant inside Orange County. Above limit means above the EPA maximum contaminant level; where EPA has no enforceable limit, the row shows a health guideline or nuisance level instead.
| Contaminant | Above limit | Samples | Detected | Median | Highest | Limit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Copper 1970 to 2020 | 105 | 88% | 0.01 | 1.5 | 1.3 mg/L EPA limit | |
| Fluoride 1952 to 2020 | 153 | 92% | 0.1 | 1.3 | 4 mg/L EPA limit | |
| Lead 1970 to 2020 | 109 | 25% | 0 | 12 | 15 ug/L EPA limit | |
| Arsenic 1970 to 2020 | 47 | 49% | 0 | 2 | 10 ug/L EPA limit | |
| Nitrate 1973 to 2020 | 32 | 69% | 0.19 | 9.8 | 10 mg/L EPA limit | |
| Uranium 1997 to 2020 | 16 | 88% | 0.556 | 4.7 | 30 ug/L EPA limit | |
| E. coli 2001 to 2020 | 12 | 0% | 0 | 0 | 0 MPN/100mL EPA limit | |
| Iron 1952 to 2020 | no limit | 210 | 99% | 40 | 6,750 | 300 ug/L nuisance level |
| Manganese 1955 to 2020 | no limit | 125 | 95% | 56 | 4,500 | 300 ug/L health guideline |
| Radon 1994 to 2020 | no limit | 25 | 100% | 430 | 32,000 | 2,000 pCi/L health guideline |
Sampled fewer than 10 times, too few to summarize: Radium (226 + 228) (2), Chloride (2), Sodium (1).
Closer than the county
See the sampled wells near your address
The same records, drawn around one point: which wells within a few miles were sampled and what they found, how deep the wells next to you were drilled, and any leaking tank or cleanup site within a mile.
Check my addressWhat this means
The contaminants most often above their limit here are copper (<1% of 105 samples). A well next door can differ sharply from yours because bedrock fractures, well depth and plumbing all matter, so these rates describe the area, not your tap.
Iron, Manganese, and Chloride are widespread in local groundwater. They are mainly a staining and taste problem, but high manganese also carries a health advisory for infants.
What to test for in Orange County
- 1Copper<1% of 105 local samples were above the limit.
- 2Coliform bacteriaRecommended for every private well, every year.
- 3RadonMedian local reading is 430 pCi/L.
- 4NitrateRecommended for every private well, especially near farms or septic systems.
- 5ChlorideDetected in 100% of local samples.
- 6IronDetected in 99% of local samples.
- 7ManganeseDetected in 95% of local samples.
- 8Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)83 hazardous waste sites on record locally.
- 9Metals panel83 hazardous waste sites on record locally.
Test your Orange County well for copper, coliform bacteria and radon
Certified lab analysis of your own tap water, bottles and prepaid return shipping included. The Essential well panel covers arsenic, uranium, nitrate, lead, copper, manganese, iron, sodium and bacteria; radon and PFAS are add-ons.
Order the Tap Score well water test kit, from $209Already tested? Upload the report
Just want bacteria checked first? Tap Score coliform and E. coli test, $99. Coliform and E. coli are the tests every well needs every year.
Want a quick look before paying for a lab? Home well water test strips on Amazon check hardness, iron, pH and nitrate in minutes. They are a screen, not a result: arsenic, bacteria, uranium and PFAS need a certified lab.
Affiliate links: the merchant pays us a commission and the price is the same for you. It does not change what the data above says. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases.
Where to get a well tested in New York: certified labs, state programs and prices.
Already have results back? Get your lab report read against the Orange County numbers, $29. Every line explained, ranked by what matters, with the fix for each.
Wells in Orange County
8,046 domestic wells in Orange County are on record with the state. the typical well is 290 feet deep (one in ten goes past 500 feet).
Find your own well's report
The state keeps the driller's report for most wells drilled since 1984. It tells you how deep your well is, where bedrock starts, and how much water it makes, which decides what treatment can work.
- Open NYSDEC water well completion reports and choose Water Well.
- The report lists depth, depth to bedrock, cased depth, yield and the driller.
Drillers have filed reports with the state since April 2000; a well drilled before then usually has no record.
The rock under Orange County
Not a principal aquifer
The USGS map places this area outside any principal aquifer, which usually means wells here draw from fractured bedrock or thin local deposits rather than a large regional aquifer. Bedrock wells of that kind are where arsenic, radon and uranium turn up, and yields vary from well to well.
Classification from the USGS Principal Aquifers of the United States (national map, 2003 edition, GIS release 2015), read at the county centroid. A single well can sit in a different unit, especially near a boundary.
Official help in New York
Two places to start that are not selling anything: the state program that answers private well questions, and its list of labs certified to run drinking water tests. A certified lab is the difference between a result you can act on and a number.
- Private Wells, NYSDOH
- Environmental Laboratory Approval Program, NYSDOH
Contamination sources on record in Orange County
NYSDEC remediation sites records 83 hazardous waste sites in Orange County, among 127 regulated sites in total. Groundwater does not follow property lines, so a well within a few hundred feet of one of these is worth testing for what that site could release.
- 83
- hazardous waste sitesSolvents, degreasers and metals from industrial sites can travel far in fractured bedrock.
- 44
- other remediation projects
Treatment that fits the local profile
Copper
Neutralizing filter to raise pH; Point-of-use reverse osmosis
Iron
Oxidizing filter whole-house; Water softener (low levels); Aeration plus filtration
Manganese
Oxidizing filter (greensand, birm) whole-house; Water softener (low levels); Point-of-use reverse osmosis
Systems we would look at first
Some links below are affiliate links. If you buy through one, the merchant pays us a commission at no extra cost to you. It does not change which products we list or what the data says.
For copper
Under-sink reverse osmosis system
under-sink or countertop, about $300
Look for NSF/ANSI 58 certification listing the contaminant you need removed.
For copper
Acid neutralizing filter
whole-house, at the point of entry, about $1,200
Raises pH so plumbing stops leaching lead and copper.
For iron
Iron and manganese oxidizing filter
whole-house, at the point of entry, about $1,800
Air-injection or greensand media; fixes staining at the source.
Free, no obligation
Get on the list for a free in-home water test in Orange County
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Common questions
How deep are wells in Orange County?
The typical domestic well in Orange County is 290 feet deep, based on 8,046 wells reported to the state. One in ten is deeper than 500 feet.
Is there arsenic in well water in Orange County?
Arsenic was detected in 49% of 47 public well samples in Orange County, and 0% were above the EPA limit of 10 ug/L. Arsenic has no taste or smell; a lab test is the only way to know your level.
How high is radon in well water in Orange County?
The median radon level across 25 public samples in Orange County was 430 pCi/L, with a high of 32,000 pCi/L. New Hampshire recommends treatment above 2,000 pCi/L.
How often should I test a private well in Orange County?
Test for bacteria and nitrate every year. Test once for arsenic, uranium, radon, fluoride, manganese and PFAS, then again every three to five years or after any change in taste, color, or plumbing.
Towns in Orange County
23 towns have fewer than 30 public samples and are included in the Orange County totals above rather than shown separately: Blooming Grove, Chester, Cornwall, Crawford, Deerpark, Goshen, Greenville, Hamptonburgh, Highlands, Middletown, Minisink, Monroe, Montgomery, Mount Hope, Newburgh, Newburgh, Palm Tree, Port Jervis, Tuxedo, Wallkill, Warwick, Wawayanda, Woodbury.
Counties near Orange County
Closest first. Groundwater does not stop at a line on a map, so the next county over is a fair second opinion.
Want the numbers themselves? Download the New York dataset as CSV, every county and town, with the sources named.
Sources
- USGS Water Quality Portal: 839 samples in Orange County. Data from the Water Quality Portal, a service of USGS, EPA and USDA; groundwater samples collected by USGS and cooperators. Retrieved September 3, 2026.
- USGS national arsenic model (Ayotte 2017): estimated share of 100,236 people on private wells in Orange County above 10 ug/L of arsenic, from geology, well depth and land use. County estimates of domestic well users with arsenic above 10 ug/L from the USGS national logistic regression model (Ayotte, Medalie and Qi, 2017), with private well population from the USGS 2015 county water-use compilation (Dieter and others, 2018). Retrieved September 15, 2026.
- NYSDEC water well completion reports: 8,303 well records in Orange County, 8,046 domestic. Water well completion reports filed with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Water Well Contractor Program since 2000. Only aggregates are shown; owner names and addresses are never stored. Retrieved September 16, 2026.
- NYSDEC remediation sites: 127 regulated sites located in Orange County. State Superfund, brownfield, voluntary cleanup, RCRA and spill remediation sites from the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Environmental Remediation Sites database. Retrieved September 16, 2026.
Non-detects count as samples and are treated as zero when computing medians. Exactly at the limit counts as not above it. A sample belongs to the town containing the well's reported coordinates.