Well water in Madera County, California
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Testing strongly recommended
tested well samples in Madera County exceeded the EPA limit for nitrate (10 mg/L), based on public data from USGS Water Quality Portal.
2,650 test results across 15 contaminants from at least 269 wells, 1950 to 2026; chloride has the most at 383. Data refreshed September 15, 2026.
Compiled by Nick at Well Water Nerd from public records. How these pages are built
An estimated 37,413 people in Madera County get their drinking water from a private well, per USGS 2015 county water use. That is about 24% of residents.
Separately, the USGS national arsenic model estimates that 9% of the 37,413 people on private wells in Madera County draw water above 10 ug/L (the model's range is 7% to 11%), from geology and well depth rather than local tests.
What individual samples found
Each row summarizes every public sample for that contaminant inside Madera County. Above limit means above the EPA maximum contaminant level; where EPA has no enforceable limit, the row shows a health guideline or nuisance level instead.
| Contaminant | Above limit | Samples | Detected | Median | Highest | Limit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nitrate 1955 to 2026 | 343 | 89% | 3.61 | 81 | 10 mg/L EPA limit | |
| Uranium 1993 to 2025 | 189 | 95% | 2.56 | 655 | 30 ug/L EPA limit | |
| Arsenic 1983 to 2025 | 216 | 99% | 2 | 89.8 | 10 ug/L EPA limit | |
| PFOA 2021 to 2024 | 25 | 20% | 0 | 8.9 | 4 ng/L EPA limit | |
| PFOS 2021 to 2024 | 25 | 16% | 0 | 5.8 | 4 ng/L EPA limit | |
| Lead 1987 to 2025 | 215 | 54% | 0.043 | 30 | 15 ug/L EPA limit | |
| Fluoride 1957 to 2025 | 323 | 95% | 0.14 | 3.61 | 4 mg/L EPA limit | |
| Copper 1987 to 2025 | 215 | 55% | 0.001 | 0.014 | 1.3 mg/L EPA limit | |
| Radium (226 + 228) 2006 to 2015 | 36 | 64% | 0.06 | 2.56 | 5 pCi/L EPA limit | |
| E. coli 2006 to 2022 | 22 | 0% | 0 | 0 | 0 MPN/100mL EPA limit | |
| Chloride 1950 to 2025 | no limit | 383 | 100% | 24 | 3,100 | 250 mg/L nuisance level |
| Sodium 1950 to 2025 | no limit | 379 | 100% | 30 | 3,400 | 20 mg/L health guideline |
| Manganese 1979 to 2025 | no limit | 226 | 63% | 0.595 | 414 | 300 ug/L health guideline |
| Radon 1993 to 2022 | no limit | 51 | 100% | 670 | 40,700 | 2,000 pCi/L health guideline |
Sampled fewer than 10 times, too few to summarize: Iron (2).
Over time
Share of samples above the limit by period. A cell needs ten samples to show; a comparison needs twenty in each period. Later periods sample fewer wells, and often the ones already known to have a problem.
| Contaminant | before 2000 | 2000s | 2010s | 2020s |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nitrate | 22%175 samples | 25%76 samples | 34%56 samples | 22%36 samples |
| Fluoride | 0%139 samples | 0%96 samples | 0%56 samples | 0%32 samples |
| Arsenic | 3%35 samples | 20%93 samples | 5%56 samples | 13%32 samples |
| Lead | 3%34 samples | 0%93 samples | 0%56 samples | 0%32 samples |
| Copper | 0%34 samples | 0%93 samples | 0%56 samples | 0%32 samples |
| Uranium | n/a | 22%93 samples | 11%56 samples | 16%32 samples |
Nitrate above the limit in Madera County fell from 34% of 56 samples in the 2010s to 22% of 36 in the 2020s.
Arsenic above the limit in Madera County rose from 5% of 56 samples in the 2010s to 13% of 32 in the 2020s.
Uranium above the limit in Madera County rose from 11% of 56 samples in the 2010s to 16% of 32 in the 2020s.
Fluoride, lead, copper have held within a few points between the two most recent periods with enough samples.
Closer than the county
See the sampled wells near your address
The same records, drawn around one point: which wells within a few miles were sampled and what they found, how deep the wells next to you were drilled, and any leaking tank or cleanup site within a mile.
Check my addressWhat this means
The contaminants most often above their limit here are nitrate (25% of 343 samples), uranium (17% of 189 samples), and arsenic (13% of 216 samples). A well next door can differ sharply from yours because bedrock fractures, well depth and plumbing all matter, so these rates describe the area, not your tap.
Chloride, Manganese, and Iron are widespread in local groundwater. They are mainly a staining and taste problem, but high manganese also carries a health advisory for infants.
What to test for in Madera County
- 1Nitrate25% of 343 local samples were above the limit.
- 2Uranium17% of 189 local samples were above the limit.
- 3Arsenic13% of 216 local samples were above the limit.
- 4PFOA8% of 25 local samples were above the limit.
- 5PFOS8% of 25 local samples were above the limit.
- 6Lead<1% of 215 local samples were above the limit.
- 7Coliform bacteriaRecommended for every private well, every year.
- 8Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)218 leaking underground storage tank sites on record locally.
- 9Metals panel3 hazardous waste sites on record locally.
Test your Madera County well for nitrate, uranium and arsenic
Certified lab analysis of your own tap water, bottles and prepaid return shipping included. The Essential well panel covers arsenic, uranium, nitrate, lead, copper, manganese, iron, sodium and bacteria; radon and PFAS are add-ons.
Order the Tap Score well water test kit, from $209Already tested? Upload the report
Just want bacteria checked first? Tap Score coliform and E. coli test, $99. Coliform and E. coli are the tests every well needs every year.
Want a quick look before paying for a lab? Home well water test strips on Amazon check hardness, iron, pH and nitrate in minutes. They are a screen, not a result: arsenic, bacteria, uranium and PFAS need a certified lab.
Affiliate links: the merchant pays us a commission and the price is the same for you. It does not change what the data above says. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases.
Where to get a well tested in California: certified labs, state programs and prices.
Already have results back? Get your lab report read against the Madera County numbers, $29. Every line explained, ranked by what matters, with the fix for each.
The rock under Madera County
Not a principal aquifer
The USGS map places this area outside any principal aquifer, which usually means wells here draw from fractured bedrock or thin local deposits rather than a large regional aquifer. Bedrock wells of that kind are where arsenic, radon and uranium turn up, and yields vary from well to well.
Classification from the USGS Principal Aquifers of the United States (national map, 2003 edition, GIS release 2015), read at the county centroid. A single well can sit in a different unit, especially near a boundary.
Official help in California
Two places to start that are not selling anything: the state program that answers private well questions, and its list of labs certified to run drinking water tests. A certified lab is the difference between a result you can act on and a number.
- GAMA - Well Owners, State Water Resources Control Board
- Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Program (ELAP), State Water Resources Control Board
Contamination sources on record in Madera County
California GeoTracker and EnviroStor sites records 218 leaking underground storage tank sites and 3 hazardous waste sites in Madera County, among 307 regulated sites in total. Groundwater does not follow property lines, so a well within a few hundred feet of one of these is worth testing for what that site could release.
- 218
- leaking underground storage tank sitesGasoline and heating oil that leaked from tanks move through groundwater as benzene, MTBE and other volatile organic compounds.
- 3
- hazardous waste sitesSolvents, degreasers and metals from industrial sites can travel far in fractured bedrock.
- 9
- lined landfills and transfer facilities
- 77
- other remediation projects
Treatment that fits the local profile
Nitrate
Point-of-use reverse osmosis; Anion exchange; Distillation
Uranium
Point-of-use reverse osmosis; Anion exchange; Whole-house anion exchange
Arsenic
Point-of-use reverse osmosis; Adsorptive media (iron-based) whole-house; Anion exchange
PFOA
Granular activated carbon whole-house; Point-of-use reverse osmosis; Anion exchange
PFOS
Granular activated carbon whole-house; Point-of-use reverse osmosis; Anion exchange
Systems we would look at first
Some links below are affiliate links. If you buy through one, the merchant pays us a commission at no extra cost to you. It does not change which products we list or what the data says.
For nitrate
Under-sink reverse osmosis system
under-sink or countertop, about $300
Look for NSF/ANSI 58 certification listing the contaminant you need removed.
For nitrate
Aquasana SmartFlow reverse osmosis
under-sink or countertop, about $225
Certified to NSF/ANSI 58 and 53 to reduce arsenic (96%, pentavalent), fluoride (90%), lead (99%), nitrate, nitrite and PFOA/PFOS at the kitchen tap, with a remineralizer.
For uranium
Whole-house arsenic and uranium filter
whole-house, at the point of entry, about $2,500
Adsorptive iron-based media; sized to your well yield.
For PFOA
Aquasana Claryum 3-Stage under-sink filter
under-sink or countertop, about $175
Certified to NSF/ANSI 53 to reduce 99% of lead and 99.7% of PFOA and PFOS at the tap. Not a fix for arsenic, nitrate or bacteria.
For PFOA
Whole-house PFAS carbon system
whole-house, at the point of entry, about $3,000
Granular activated carbon certified to NSF/ANSI 53 for PFOA and PFOS; replace media on schedule.
For PFOA
Aquasana HealthShield whole-house filter
whole-house, at the point of entry, about $2,099
Whole-house carbon system the maker certifies to reduce PFAS (PFOA and PFOS) and VOCs at every tap; a UV option adds bacteria protection.
Free, no obligation
Get on the list for a free in-home water test in Madera County
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Common questions
Is there arsenic in well water in Madera County?
Arsenic was detected in 99% of 216 public well samples in Madera County, and 13% were above the EPA limit of 10 ug/L. Arsenic has no taste or smell; a lab test is the only way to know your level.
How high is radon in well water in Madera County?
The median radon level across 51 public samples in Madera County was 670 pCi/L, with a high of 40,700 pCi/L. New Hampshire recommends treatment above 2,000 pCi/L.
How often should I test a private well in Madera County?
Test for bacteria and nitrate every year. Test once for arsenic, uranium, radon, fluoride, manganese and PFAS, then again every three to five years or after any change in taste, color, or plumbing.
Counties near Madera County
Closest first. Groundwater does not stop at a line on a map, so the next county over is a fair second opinion.
Want the numbers themselves? Download the California dataset as CSV, every county and town, with the sources named.
Sources
- USGS Water Quality Portal: 2,650 samples in Madera County. Data from the Water Quality Portal, a service of USGS, EPA and USDA; groundwater samples collected by USGS and cooperators. Retrieved September 3, 2026.
- USGS national arsenic model (Ayotte 2017): estimated share of 37,413 people on private wells in Madera County above 10 ug/L of arsenic, from geology, well depth and land use. County estimates of domestic well users with arsenic above 10 ug/L from the USGS national logistic regression model (Ayotte, Medalie and Qi, 2017), with private well population from the USGS 2015 county water-use compilation (Dieter and others, 2018). Retrieved September 15, 2026.
- California GeoTracker and EnviroStor sites: 307 regulated sites located in Madera County. Leaking underground storage tank and cleanup sites from the State Water Board GeoTracker export on data.ca.gov, and DTSC EnviroStor cleanup sites. Retrieved September 15, 2026.
Non-detects count as samples and are treated as zero when computing medians. Exactly at the limit counts as not above it. A sample belongs to the town containing the well's reported coordinates.